¹  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng107, Renal replacement therapy and conservative management, published date: October 2018.
* All statements and assessments by NICE are based on care practice and costs in England.

² Blankestijn PJ et al., CONVINCE Scientific Committee Investigators, Effect of Hemodiafiltration or Hemodialysis on Mortality in Kidney Failure, N Engl J Med 2023 Aug 24;389(8):700-709

³ Internal calculation is based on an example at QB = 300 mL/min and a 240-minute treatment. There are savings of 34 L of dialysis fluid with post HDF at AutoFlow factor 1.2, with QD = 360 mL/min, compared to post HDF, with a fixed QD = 500 mL/min.

⁴ Marcelli, D. et al., High-Volume Postdilution Hemodiafiltration Is a Feasible Option in Routine Clinical Practice, Artificial Organs 2015, 39(2): 142–149.

⁶ Ehlerding, G. et al. (2021), Randomized comparison of three high-flux dialyzers during high volume online hemodiafiltration – the comPERFORM study, Clinical Kidney Journal; sfab196. Clin Kidney J 2021 Oct 5;15(4):672-680

⁸ Maduell F. et al., High-Efficiency Postdilution Online Hemodiafiltration Reduces All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients, J Am Soc Nephrol (2013); 24: 487-497.

⁹ Peters S.A.E. et al., Haemodiafiltration and mortality in end-stage kidney disease patients: a pooled individual participant data analysis from four randomized controlled trials, Nephrol Dial Transplant (2016) 31: 978-984.

¹³ Gründler U. et al., Less Complexity in Hemodialysis Machines Reduces Time and Physical Load for Operator Actions. Med Devices (Auckl). 2021 Nov 17;14:379-387.

²⁹ Benz et al. (2012). Technical Aspects of Hemodialysis in Children. In: Warady, B., Schaefer, F., Alexander, S. (eds) Pediatric Dialysis. Springer, Boston, MA.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0721-8_17

³⁰ Strippoli GFM, Green SC. Actioning the findings of hard endpoint clinical trials as they emerge in the realm of chronic kidney disease care: a review and a call to action. Clin Kidney J. 2024 Feb 9;17(2):sfae035. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfae035. PMID: 38425707; PMCID: PMC10903297.

³¹ Rose, M. et al., for the CONVINCE Scientific Committee and CONVINCE Investigators, The CONVINCE randomized trial found positive effects on quality of life for patients with chronic kidney disease treated with hemodiafiltration, Kidney International (2024), doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2024.07.014